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what is prokaryotic cell ?
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Introduction:
A prokaryotic cell is a type of cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. These cells are typically found in bacteria and archaea, which are single-celled organisms. Unlike eukaryotic cells, which are found in plants, animals, and fungi, prokaryotic cells are much simpler in structure. In this answer, we will discuss some of the defining characteristics and functions of prokaryotic cells.
Answer:
A prokaryotic cell is a basic and simple type of cell that lacks a well-defined nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. The genetic material in prokaryotic cells is located in a region called the nucleoid, which is not enclosed by a nuclear membrane. This genetic material is in the form of a single, circular DNA molecule that contains the cell’s genetic information.
One of the key features of prokaryotic cells is the absence of membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus. Instead, these cells contain smaller, simpler structures called organelle-like structures, which perform similar functions in a more primitive manner. For example, prokaryotic cells have ribosomes that are responsible for protein synthesis, though they are smaller and structurally different from the ribosomes found in eukaryotic cells.
The plasma membrane of prokaryotic cells serves as a barrier between the cell and its environment. It regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell and also contains enzymes involved in various metabolic processes. Some prokaryotes have an additional outer membrane that provides them with additional protection and acts as a selectively permeable barrier.
Prokaryotic cells also possess a cell wall, which provides structural support and protection. The composition of the cell wall varies among different groups of prokaryotes. For instance, bacteria have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, whereas archaea have a cell wall composed of different materials.
Another characteristic of prokaryotic cells is the presence of flagella or pili, which are used for locomotion and attachment, respectively. These structures enable prokaryotes to move towards food sources or away from harmful substances in their environment. Additionally, prokaryotic cells often contain plasmids, which are small, circular DNA molecules separate from the main chromosome. Plasmids can carry genes that provide the cell with useful functions such as antibiotic resistance.
In summary, prokaryotic cells are simple and structurally different from eukaryotic cells. They lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, but contain a nucleoid region where genetic material is located. Prokaryotic cells have a plasma membrane, cell wall, ribosomes, and may possess flagella, pili, and plasmids. Understanding the characteristics and functions of prokaryotic cells is essential for medical college students to comprehend the structures and processes unique to these cells, as they play a significant role in various infectious diseases and healthcare settings.
